Elixirs And Flavoring Extraxts

by

John Uri Lloyd

   Their History, Formulae, & Methods of Preparation

EDITOR'S NOTE: John Uri Lloyd (1849-1936) founded Lloyd Brothers Pharmacy in
Cincinnati, and was responsible for the formulation of a body of plant extracts
called Specific Medicines (following the recommendations of Scudder).  The
pharmacy closed in the early 1960's, but his legacy is still present as the
Lloyd Library, (the largest library of medical plant books in the world), the
Lloyd Extractor, his pioneering work in colloidal chemistry, and several
bestselling works of fiction, including "Stringtown" on the Pike and the mystical
 "Etidorhpa".
     He began as a raw apprentice in 1862 to W.J.M.Gordon in Cincinnati.  When
he finished the apprenticeship (a three or four-year stint), he re-apprenticed
with ANOTHER pharmacist, George Eger, in order to learn German pharmacy .  By
the time he met up with two famous medical radicals, Dr. John King and Dr.
J.M.Scudder, he was so expert at PHYSICAL pharmacy that, now in his late 20's,
he was offered the position as the director of the H. M. Merrell and Co.
Laboratories, at that time the primary manufacturer for both Eclectic and
Physio-Medical pharmaceuticals.  He and his ill-fated brother (the premier
mycologist of the age) eventually bought out Merrill...and Lloyd Brothers was
begun.
     The three editions of Elixir Formulae were written to attempt codification
of a wildly chaotic...and dangerous state of affairs in American Medicine. 
They became THE standards for 15 years...and helped lead the way for the first
National Formulary of 1888. Because of his alliance with medical radicals ("the
Loyal Opposition") he was blacklisted from the first N.F. congress, locked out
by hardliners in the American Pharmaceutical Association. Since the whole thing
was his brainchild, and he was de-facto editor of the first N.F., the uproar
amongst REAL pharmacists was so great (they ALL used his book) that the old
guard was promptly booted out and he was elected for the first time as President
of A.P.A.  Shunned again ten years later (again for his association with the
"Enemies of Medicine"), the rank-and-file AGAIN re-elected him president. EIGHT
times in 45 years the attempt was made to kick him out as a member of the
American Pharmaceutical Association...all attempts soundly failed, since he was
the most famous supporter of the working pharmacist...a grass-roots druggist
whose soda-fountain recipes were famous.
     The culmination of his work (in my opinion) was the Third Revision of
"King's American Dispensatory" in 1898, 2200 pages of the best PLANT Pharmacy
ever assembled.  For the last 20 years of his life, he expended his near-mythic
reputation in pharmacy writing curmudgeonly emeriti-type articles in
Pharmaceutical journals in futile attempts to draw his fellow pharmacists away
from chemical reductionism and back into viewing plants as entities, not sources
of drug compounds. That he was twice elected president of the American
Pharmaceutical Association is a stunning tribute to his stature, since he was an
infamous gadfly and "irregular", always proudly flaunting his lack of formal
education, devotion to plant medicines, and Eclectic roots, mostly moribund
issues in his later years, since "regular" medicine had clearly prevailed. This
was the equivalent of Dr. Andrew Weil being appointed Surgeon General or Adelle
Davis being elected President of the American Medical Association.
     Radical though he was, he was still a MAN of his times, and should be
forgiven his failure to acknowledge the existence of TWO genders in pharmacy

     He was perhaps the only true American alchemist.   Michael Moore

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                               TABLE OF CONTENTS
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EDITOR'S NOTE:
PREFACE.
PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION.
PREFACE TO THE THIRD REVISED EDITION.
ELIXIRS. (history)
  ELIXIR PROPRIETATIS WITH DISTILLED VINEGAR.
  THE USES.
  AMERICAN ELIXIRS.
    "CORDIAL ELIXIR OF QUININE.
ELIXIR FORMULAE
1. ELIXIR ADJUVANS.
2. ELIXIR OF BROMIDE OF AMMONIUM.
3. ELIXIR ALOES.
4. ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIUM.
    SOLUTION OF CARMINE.
5. ELIXIR of VALERIANATE of AMMONIUM with CINCHONIDINE .
6. ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIUM WITH CINCHONIDINE AND CINCHONINE.
7. ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIUM WITH CINCHONIDINE, CINCHONINE, AND
     STRYCHNINE.
8. ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIUM W/CINCHONIDINE AND PYROPHOSPHATE OF
     IRON.
9. ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIUM WITH CINCHONIDINE, PYROPHOSPHATE OF
     IRON, AND STRYCHNINE.
10. ELIXIR of VALERIANATE of AMMONIUM with CINCHONINE.
11. ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIUM WITH CINCHONINE AND PYROPHOSPHATE OF IRON.
12. ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIUM WITH CINCHONINE, PYROPHOSPHATE OF IRON,
     AND STRYCHNINE
13. ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIUM WITH CINCHONlNE AND STRYCHNINE.
14. ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIUM WITH PYROPHOSPHATE OF IRON.
15. ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIUM AND QUININE.
16. ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIUM WITH QUININE AND CINCHONIDINE
17. ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIUM WITH QUININE, CINCHONIDINE, AND
     STRYCHNINE.
18. ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIUM WITH QUININE, CINCHONIDINE,
     PYROPHOSPHATE OF IRON, AND STRYCHNINE.
19. ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIUM WITH QUININE AND CINCHONINE.
20. ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIUM WITH QUININE,CINCHONINE, AND STRYCHNINE.
21. ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIUM WITH QUININE AND PYROPHOSPHATE OF IRON.
22. ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIUM WITH QUININE, PYROPHOSPHATE OF IRON, AND
     STRYCHNINE.
23. ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIUM WITH QUININE AND STRYCHNINE.
24. ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIUM WITH STRYCHNINE.
25. ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIUM WITH SUMBUL.
26. ELIXIR ANTIGLAIREUX.
27. ELIXIR ANTIGOUTTEUX DE VILLETTE.
28. AROMATIC ELIXIR.
29. ELIXIR OF IODIDE OF ARSENIC AND MERCURY.
30. ELIXIR OF BEEF.
31. ELIXIR OF BEEF AND CITRATE OF IRON.
32. ELIXIR OF BEEF, IRON, AND CINCHONA.
33. ELIXIR OF BLACK HAW.
ELIXIRS CONTAINING AMMONIO-CITRATE OF BISMUTH.
34. ELIXIR OF CITRATE OF AMMONIUM AND BISMUTH.
35. ELIXIR OF CITRATE OF AMMONIUM AND BISMUTH WITH PYROPHOSPHATE OF IRON.
36. ELIXIR OF CITRATE OF AMMONIUM AND BISMUTH WITH PEPSIN
37. ELIXIR OF CITRATE OF AMMONIUM AND BISMUTH WITH PEPSIN AND STRYCHNINE.
38. ELIXIR OF CITRATE OF AMMONIUM AND BISMUTH WITH STRYCHNINE.
39. BITTER ELIXIR.
40. ELIXIR OF BLACKBERRY.
41. ELIXIR OF BOLDO.
42. ELIXIR OF BRANDY.
43. ELIXIR OF BUCHU.
44. COMPOUND ELIXIR OF BUCHU.
45. ELIXIR OF BUCKTHORN.
46. ELIXIR OF CAFFEINE.
47. ELIXIR OF BROMIDE OF CALCIUM.
ELIXIR OF IODO-BROMIDE OF CALCIUM.
48. ELIXIR OF HYPOPHOSPHITE OF CALCIUM.
49. ELIXIR OF LACTOPHOSPHATE OF CALCIUM.
50. ELIXIR OF MONO-BROMATED CAMPHOR.
51. ELIXIR CAMPHOR MONO-BROMATED, COMPOUND.
52. COMPOUND CATHARTIC ELIXIR.
53. COMPOUND ELIXIR OF CELERY.
54  ELIXIR OF WILD CHERRY.
55. ELIXIR OF WILD CHERRY WITH CHLORIDE OF IRON AND CITRATE OF AMMONIUM.
56. ELIXIR OF HYDRATE OF CHLORAL.
57. ELIXIR OF CIMICIFUGA.
58. COMPOUND ELIXIR OF CIMICIFUGA.
59. CLAUDER'S ELIXIR
60. ELIXIR OF COCA.
61. ELIXIR OF COCA AND GUARANA.
62. ELIXIR OF COLUMBO.
63. ELIXIR OF COLUMBO, CITRATE OF IRON, AND RHUBARB.
64. COMPOUND ELIXIR OF CORYDALIS.
65. ELIXIR of COTO.
66. COMPOUND ELIXIR OF CHLOROFORM.
67. ELIXIR CHLOROFORMIQUE OF BOUCHUT.
68. COMPOUND ELIXIR OF CRAMP BARK.
69. ELIXIR OF CROTON.
ELIXIRS OF CALISAYA OR CINCHONA BARK AND ITS ALKALOIDS.
PREPARATIONS OF ALKALOIDS.
ALKALOID QUININE OR ALKALOID CINCHONIDINE.
70. ELIXIR OF CALISAYA (OR CINCHONA.  See No. 71).
71. ELIXIR OF CINCHONA.
72. ELIXIR OF CALISAYA ALKALOIDS.
73. DETANNATED ELIXIR OF CALISAYA BARK.
74. DESLAURIER'S ELIXIR OF CALISAYA AND COFFEE.
75. ELIXIR OF CALISAYA WITH LACTOPHOSPHATE OF LIME.
76. ELIXIR OF CALISAYA AND CHLORIDE OF IRON WITH AMMONIUM CITRATE.
77. ELIXIR OF CALISAYA, CITRATE OF IRON, AND BEEF.
78  ELIXIR OF CALISAYA AND CHLORIDE OF IRON WITH AMMONIUM CITRATE AND GENTIAN.
79  ELIXIR OF CALISAYA, CITRATE OF IRON, BEEF, AND STRYCHNINE.
80. ELIXIR OF CALISAYA BARK WITH CITRATE OF PROTOXIDE OF IRON.
81. ELIXIR OF CALISAYA BARK WITH CITRATE OF PROTOXIDE OF IRON AND STRYCHNINE.
82. ELIXIR OF CALISAYA BARK WITH PYROPHOSPHATE OF IRON.
83. ELIXIR OF CALISAYA BARK WITH PYROPHOSPHATE OF IRON AND CITRATE OF AMMONIUM
      AND BISMUTH.
84. ELIXIR Of CALISAYA BARK WITH PYROPHOSPHATE OF IRON, CITRATE OF AMMONIUM
      AND BISMUTH, AND STRYCHNINE.
85. ELIXIR OF CALISAYA WITH PYROPHOSPHATE OF IRON AND LACTOPHOSPHATE OF CALCIUM.
86. ELIXIR OF CALISAYA BARK WITH PYROPHOSPHATE OF IRON AND PEPSIN.
87. ELIXIR OF CALISAYA BARK WITH PYROPHOSPHATE OF IRON AND STRYCHNINE.
88. ELIXIR OF CINCHONA AND HYPOPHOSPHITES.
89. DETANNATED ELIXIR OF CINCHONA.
90. ELIXIR OR CINCHONINE.
91. ELIXIR OF PHOSPHATES OF CINCHONINE AND CINCHONIDINE.
92. ELIXIR OF PHOSPHATES OF CINCHONINE AND STRYCHNINE
93. ELIXIR OF PHOSPHATE OF CINCHONIDINE.
94. ELIXIR OF PHOSPHATES OF CINCHONIDINE, CINCHONINE, AND STRYCHNINE.
95. ELIXIR OF PHOSPHATES OF CINCHONIDINE AND STRYCHNINE.
96. ELIXIR OF ACETATE OF CHINOIDINE.
97. COMPOUND ELIXIR OF CHINOIDINE.
98. ELIXIR OF BISULPHATE OF QUININE.
99. ELIXIR OF HYDROBROMATE OF QUININE.
100. ELIXIR OF PHOSPHATE OF QUININE.
101. COMPOUND ELIXIR OF QUININE.
102. ELIXIR OF PHOSPHATE OF QUININE AND CINCHONIDINE.
103. ELIXIR OF PHOSPHATE OF QUININE AND CINCHONINE.
104. ELIXIR OF PHOSPHATES OF QUININE, CINCHONIDINE, AND CINCHONINE.
105. ELIXIR OF PHOSPHATE OF QUININE WITH CITRATE OF PROTOXIDE OF IRON.
106. ELIXIR OF PHOSPHATE OF QUININE WITH CITRATE OF PROTOXIDE OF IRON AND
     STRYCHNINE.
107. ELIXIR OF PHOSPHATE OF QUININE AND STRYCHNINE.
1O8. ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF QUININE.
109. ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF QUININE WITH STRYCHNINE.
110. ELIXIR OF COCA
111. ELIXIR OF CURAOA.
112. ELIXIR OF DANDELION.
113. COMPOUND ELIXIR OF DANDELION.
114. ELIXIR OF DANDELION WITH QUININE.
115. DAFFY'S ELIXIR.
116. ELIXIR OF DAMIANA.
117. ELIXIR DEWBERRY COMPOUND.
118. ELIXIR OF EUCALYPTUS.
119. COMPOUND ELIXIR OF EUCALYPTUS.
120. ELIXIR DE GlARUS.
121. ELIXIR OF GENTIAN.
122. COMPOUND ELIXIR OF GENTIAN.
123. ELIXIR OF WILD GINGER.
124. ELIXIR OF GLYCYRRHIZIN.
125. ELIXIR OF GLYCYRRHIZIN (AROMATIC)
126. ELIXIR OF GRINDELIA ROBUSTA.
127. ELIXIR OF GUARANA.
128. ELIXIR OF GUAIACUM.
129. ELIXIR ACIDUM HALLERI.
130. HELMONT'S ELIXIR.
131. ELIXIR OF HELONIAS.
132. HOFFMANN'S STOMACH ELIXIR.
133. ELIXIR OF HOPS.
134. ELIXIR OF HOPS AND CHIRETTA.
135. COMPOUND ELIXIR OF HOPS.
136. HUFELAND'S ELIXIR.
137. ELIXIR OF HYPOPHOSPHITES.
138. ELIXIR OF HYPOPHOSPHITES WITH IRON.
139. ELIXIR OF AMMONIO-CITRATE OF IRON.
140. ELIXIR OF IPECAC.
141. ELIXIR OF BROMIDE OF IRON.
142. ELIXIR OF CITRATE OF IRON WITH QUININE AND STRYCHNINE.
143. ELIXIR OF CITRATE OF PROTOXIDE OF IRON.
144. ELIXIR OF CITRATE AND LACTATE OF IRON.
145. ELIXIR OF CHLORIDE OF IRON WITH AMMONIUM CITRATE AND GENTIAN.
146. ELIXIR OF CHLORIDE OF IRON WITH HYDROCHLORATE OF QUININE AND
       ARSENIOUS ACID.
147. ELIXIR OF PROTOCHLORIDE OF IRON.
148  ELIXIR OF HYPOPHOSPHITE OF IRON.
149. ELIXIR OF IODIDE OF IRON WITH IODIDE OF QUININE.
150. ELIXIR OF LACTATE OF IRON.
151. ELIXIR OF LACTATE OF IRON WITH PEPSIN.
152. ELIXIR OF PHOSPHATE OF IRON.
153. ELIXIR OF PHOSPHATE OF IRON WITH PHOSPHATE OF QUININE.
154. ELIXIR OF PHOSPHATE OF IRON WITH PHOSPHATE OF QUININE AND STRYCHNINE.
ELIXIRS WITH PYROPHOSPHATE OF IRON.
155. ELIXIR OF PYROPHOSPHATE OF IRON.
156. ELIXIR OF PYROPHOSPHATE OF IRON WITH BISMUTH AND PEPSIN.
157. ELIXIR OF PYROPHOSPHATE OF IRON WITH CINCHONIDINE.
158. ELIXIR OF PYROPHOSPHATE OF IRON WITH CINCHONIDINE AND STRYCHNINE
159. ELIXIR OF PYROPHOSPHATE OF IRON WITH QUININE, CINCHONIDINE, AND STRYCHNINE.
160. ELIXIR OF PYROPHOSPHATE OF IRON WITH CINCHONINE .
161. ELIXIR OF PYROPHOSPHATE OF IRON AND QUININE.
162. ELIXIR OF PYROPHOSPHATE OF IRON WITH QUININE AND CINCHONIDINE.
163. ELIXIR OF PYROPHOSPHATE OF IRON WITH QUININE AND CINCHONINE.
164. ELIXIR OF PYROPHOSPHATE OF IRON WITH QUININE, CINCHONINE, AND STRYCHNINE.
165. ELIXIR OF PYROPHOSPHATE OF IRON WITH QUININE AND STRYCHNINE.
166. ELIXIR OF PYROPHOSPHATE OF IRON WITH VALERIANATE OF QUININE AND ACETATE OF
       STRYCHNINE.
167. ELIXIR OF PYROPHOSPHATE OF IRON WITH PEPSIN
168. ELIXIR OF PYROPHOSPHATE OF IRON WITH PEPSIN, BISMUTH, AND STRYCHNINE.
169. ELIXIR OF PYROPHOSPHATE OF IRON WITH PEPSIN AND STRYCHNINE.
170. ELIXIR OF PYROPHOSPHATE OF IRON AND STRYCHNINE.
171  ELIXIR OF JUNIPER BERRIES.
172. ELIXIR OF JABORANDI.
173. KLEIN'S STOMACHIC ELIXIR.
ELIXIR LACTOPEPTIN.
174. ELIXIR OF LACTUCARIUM.
175. LAXATIVE ELIXIR.
176. LEROY'S PURGATIVE ELIXIR.
177. LEROY'S VOMITO-PURGATIVE ELIXIR.
178. LETTSOM'S ELIXIR.
179. BITTER ELIXIR OF LIFE.*
180. ELIXIR OF LACTOPHOSPHATE OF LIME.
181. ELIXIR OF LICORICE.
182. ELIXIR OF LICORICE (AROMATIC).
183. ELIXIR E SUCCO LIQUIRITAE.
184. ELIXIR OF BROMIDE OF LITHIUM.
185. ELIXIR OF CITRATE OF LITHIUM
186. ELIXIR OF SALICYLATE OF LITHIUM
187. ELIXIR OF LUPULIN.
188. ELIXIR OF MALT.
189. ELIXIR OF MALT AND IRON.
190. ELIXIR OF MALT AND PEPSIN.
191. ELIXIR OF MALTO-PEPSIN.
192. ELIXIR OF MATICO.
193. COMPOUND ELIXIR OF MATICO.
194. ELIXIR OF MAY-APPLE
195. COMPOUND ELIXIR OF MAY-APPLE
196. COMPOUND ELIXIR OF MYRRH.
197. ELIXIR OF NUX VOMICA.
198. McMUNN'S ELIXIR OF OPIUM.
199. ELIXIR OF ORANGE.
200. ELIXIR OF PANCREAS.
201. ELIXIR OF PAREIRA BRAVA.
202. ELIXIR OF PAREIRA BRAVA AND BUCHU.
203. ELIXIR PAREGORICUM.
204. PECTORAL ELIXIR OF THE EDINBURGH Pharmacopoeia, 1770.
ELIXIRS CONTAINING PEPSIN.
205. ELIXIR OF PEPSIN.
206. ELIXIR OF PEPSIN WITH CITRATE OF AMMONIUM AND BISMUTH, AND PHOSPHATE OF
       QUININE.
207. ELIXIR OF PEPSIN AND PHOSPHATE OF CINCHONIDINE.
208. ELIXIR OF PEPSIN WITH PHOSPHATE OF CINCHONIDINE AND STRYCHNINE.
209. ELIXIR OF PEPSIN AND PHOSPHATE OF CINCHONINE.
210. ELIXIR OF PEPSIN WITH PHOSPHATE OF CINCHONINE AND STRYCHNINE.
211. ELIXIR OF PEPSIN AND IRON.
212. ELIXIR OF PHOSPHORUS
213. ELIXIR OF PEPSIN AND WAFER ASH.
214. ELIXIR OF PEPSIN AND PHOSPHATE OF QUININE.
215. ELIXIR OF PEPSIN, PHOSPHATE OF QUININE, AND STRYCHNINE.
216. ELIXIR OF PEPSIN, PHOSPHATE OF QUININE, STRYCHNINE, AND CITRATE OF
       AMMONIUM AND BISMUTH.
217. ELIXIR OF PEPTONE.
218. ELIXIR OF PHOSPHORUS.
219. COMPOUND ELIXIR OF PHOSPHORUS.
220. ELIXIR OF PHOSPHORUS WITH QUININE AND STRYCHNINE.
221. ELIXIR OF ACETATE OF POTASSIUM.
222. ELIXIR OF ARSENITE OF POTASSIUM.
223. ELIXIR OF ACETATE OF POTASSIUM AND BUCHU.
224. ELIXIR OF BUCHU, JUNIPER, AND ACETATE OF POTASSIUM.
225. ELIXIR OF BROMIDE OF POTASSIUM
226. ELIXIR OF IODIDE OF POTASSIUM
227. ELIXIR PROPRIETATIS.
228. ELIXIR PROPRIETATIS CUM ACIDO.
229. RADCLIFF'S PURGING ELIXIR.
230. COMPOUND ELIXIR OF RASPBERRY.
231. RED ELIXIR. (RED SIMPLE ELIXIR. )
232. COMPOUND ELIXIR OF RHAMNUS FRANGULA.
233. ELIXIR OF RHAMNUS PURSHIANA.
234. COMPOUND ELIXIR OF RHAMNUS PURSHIANA.
235. ELIXIR ROBORANS WHYTTII.
236. ELIXIR OF RHUBARB.
237. COMPOUND ELIXIR OF RHUBARB.
238. ELIXIR OF RHUBARB AND COLUMBO.
239. ELIXIR OF RHUBARB AND MAGNESIA.
240. ELIXIR OF SALICIN.
241. SACRED.ELIXIR.
242. ELIXIR OF SALICYLIC ACID.
243. ELIXIR OF SCAMMONY.
244. ELIXIR SALUTIS.
245. ELIXIR OF SENNA.
246. COMPOUND ELIXIR OF SENNA.
247. SIMPLE: ELIXIR.
248. ELIXIR OF ARSENITE OF SODIUM.
249. ELIXIR OF BROMIDE OF SODIUM.
250. ELIXIR OF HYPOPHOSPHITE OF SODIUM.
251. ELIXIR OF IODIDE OF SODIUM.
252. ELIXIR OF SALICYLATE OF SODIUM.
253  SQUIRE'S ELIXIR.
254. ST. HUBERT'S HUNTERS' ELIXIR.
255. ELIXIR OF STILLINGIA.
256. COMPOUND ELIXIR OF STILLINGIA.
257. STOMACHIC ELIXIR.
258. STOUGHTON'S ELIXIR
269. ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF STRYCHNINE.
260. COMPOUND ELIXIR OF SUMBUL.
261. ELIXIR OF TAR
262. ELIXIR OF TAR COMPOUND.
263. ELIXIR OF THUJA OCCIDENTALIS.
264. ELIXIR OF VALERIAN.
265. MYNFICHT'S ELIXIR OF VITRIOL.
266. SWEET ELIXIR OF VITRIOL.
* AROMATIC TINCTURE.
**DULCIFIED SPIRIT OF VITRIOL.
267. VIGANI'S VOLATILE ELIXIR OF VITRIOL.
268. ELIXIR OF WAHOO.
269. ELIXIR OF YERBA SANTA.
270. COMPOUND ELIXIR OF YERBA SANTA.
271. ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF ZINC.

PART SECOND.
    FLAVORING EXTRACTS, ESSENCES, FLAVORED SYRUPS,
    COLORING LIQUIDS, AND OTHER SODA-WATER APPLIANCES.
INTRODUCTION
SODA-WATER APPLIANCES.
FLAVORING EXTRACTS.
FRUIT ESSENCES.
S-1.  FLAVORING EXTRACT OF ALLSPICE.
S-2.  FLAVORING EXTRACT OF ALMONDS (PEACH).
S-3.  FLAVORING EXTRACT OF BANANA.
S-4.  FLAVORING EXTRACT OF BLACK PEPPER.
S-5.  FLAVORING EXTRACT OF CAPSICUM.
S-6   FLAVORING EXTRACT OF CELERY.
S-7.  FLAVORING EXTRACT OF CHOCOLATE.
S-8.  FLAVORING EXTRACT OF CLOVES.
S-9.  FLAVORING EXTRACT OF CINNAMON
S-10. FLAVORING EXTRACT OF COFFEE.
S-11. FLAVORING EXTRACT OF GINGER.
S-12. FLAVORING EXTRACT OF GINGER (SOLUBLE).
FLAVORING EXTRACTS OF LEMON.
S-13. FLAVORING EXTRACT OF LEMON, GOOD (FROM THE OIL).
S-14. FLAVORING; EXTRACT OF LEMON, CHEAP (FROM THE OIL) .
S-15. FLAVORING EXTRACT OF LEMON, CHEAP (FROM THE OIL).
S-16. FLAVORING EXTRACT OF LEMON.
S-17. FLAVORING EXTRACT OF LEMON (STRENGTHENED).
S-18. FLAVORING EXTRACT OF NECTAR.
S-19. FLAVORING EXTRACT OF NECTARINE.
S-20. FLAVORING EXTRACT OF NUTMEG.
FLAVORING EXTRACTS OF ORANGE.
S-21. FLAVORING EXTRACT OF ORANGE (GOOD).
S-22. FLAVORING EXTRACT OF ORANGE (CHEAP).
S-23. FLAVORING EXTRACT OF ORANGE (CHEAP).
S-24. FLAVORING EXTRACT OF ORANGE (CHEAP).
FLAVORING EXTRACTS OF PINEAPPLE.
S-25. FLAVORING EXTRACT OF PINEAPPLE (STRONG).
S-26. FLAVORING EXTRACT OF PINEAPPLE (MODIFIED).
S-27. FLAVORING EXTRACT OF PINEAPPLE (CHEAP).
S-28. FLAVORING EXTRACT OF RASPBERRY.
FLAVORING EXTRACTS OF ROSE.
S-29. FLAVORING EXTRACT OF ROSE (BEST).
S-30. FLAVORING EXTRACT OF ROSE (CHEAP).
S-31. FLAVORING EXTRACT OF SARSAPARILLA.
S-32. FLAVORING EXTRACT OF STRAWBERRY.
FLAVORING EXTRACTS OF VANILLA.
S-33. FLAVORING VANILLA EXTRACT (FINE).
S-34. FLAVORING VANILLA EXTRACT (CHEAP).
S-35. FLAVORING VANILLA EXTRACT (CHEAP).
S-36. FLAVORING VANILLA EXTRACT (CHEAP).
S-37. FLAVORING EXTRACT OF WINTERGREEN.
SODA-WATER SYRUPS.
S-38. SIMPLE SYRUP (SODA SYRUP).
S-39. SYRUP OF ALMOND OR PEACH.
S-40. CHOCOLATE SYRUP.
S-41. SYRUP OF COFFEE.
S-42. SYRUP OF COFFEE.
S-43. SYRUP OF GINGER.
S-44. SYRUP OF GINGER.
S-45. SYRUP OF LEMON.
S-46. SYRUP OF NECTARINE.
S-47. SYRUP OF ORANGE.
S-48. SYRUP OF BLOOD ORANGE.
S-49. SYRUP OF PINE:APPLE.
S-50. SYRUP OF RASPBERRY.
S-51. SYRUP OF ROSE.
S-52. SYRUP OF SARSAPARILLA.
S-53. SYRUP OF STRAWBERRY.
S-54. SYRUP OF VANILLA.
CREAM SYRUPS.
S-55. CREAM SYRUP (ORANGE CREAM).
S-56. NECTAR SYRUP (NECTAR CREAM).
FRUIT SYRUPS.
S-57. BLACKBERRY (FRUIT) SYRUP.
S-58. RASPBERRY (FRUIT) SYRUP.
S-59. STRAWBERRY (FRUIT) SYRUP.
S-60. CHERRY (FRUIT) SYRUP.
S-61. GRAPE (FRUIT) SYRUP.
S-61. PINEAPPLE (FRUIT) SYRUP.
S-63. QUINCE (FRUIT) SYRUP.
WINE SYRUPS.
"TONIC" SYRUPS.
S-64. SOLUTION OF COCHINEAL (CARMINE).
S-65. CURCUMA  [TURMERIC]  (YELLOW).
S-66. CARAMEL  [BURNT SUGAR]  (BROWN).
FROTHING LIQUIDS.
S-67.
S-68.
S-69.
S-70.  TINCTURE OF SOAP BARK (QUILLAYA).
FANCIFUL TITLES.
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////


///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                                   PREFACE.
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

     WERE pharmacists united in opposition to elixirs, and sufficiently
independent to warrant them in saying that they are unnecessary preparations,
and that they would not manufacture or dispense them; or could pharmacists so
influence and control physicians as to positively prevent them from prescribing
elixirs; or were the past numbers of all our pharmaceutical journals possessed
by, or readily accessible to, each and every pharmacist in the country there
would then be no necessity for, nor utility in, the publication of a work upon
elixirs and the methods of preparing them.  At the present time there
undoubtedly exists a demand for this class of preparations, and, in order to
improve, as well as retain, their legitimate trade, our pharmacists are, in a
measure, compelled to dispense them, as they do not desire to displease their
medical patrons by any indications of what might be considered as offensive
dictation.  Such being the case, and as a large number of the pharmacists of
this country are not possessors of the past numbers of pharmaceutical journals,
we have been induced to prepare this little work.
     In presenting these formulae, the result of years of actual laboratory
experience, and the careful study of the back numbers of all our pharmaceutical
journals, we cannot doubt that they will be valuable to pharmacists, and that
the investment will quickly return to each purchaser more than the outlay for
the book.
     Upon this question of elixirs we find our American pharmacists greatly
divided: some decidedly object to them, no matter under what considerations or
circumstances, and obstinately refuse to listen to a favorable word for any one
of them; others uphold that carefully prepared elixirs, in which the
disagreeableness and offensiveness of certain drugs entering into their
composition are more or less masked, are to be commended.  Not infrequently the
opponents of elixirs are quite violent in their denunciation of them, and more
especially as being of too complex a character; and yet these very objectors
will favor other mixtures and preparations that are still more complex, and
fully as unscientific as the majority of compound elixirs.  On the other hand,
the advocates of elixirs frequently associate incompatibles in their
preparations, thereby rendering them valueless.  By this course they weaken the
cause they are endeavoring to sustain, as the articles they present to the
public prove to be unreliable.  In our opinion, there is an intermedium, a
conservative position, between those who unreservedly condemn and those who
indiscriminately recommend, and it will be found that there are many excellent
pharmacists occupying this position who argue that, with judgment in selection
and skill in manipulation, a line of elixirs may be produced that will favorably
compare with the products of other sections of pharmacy, and that in their
preparation as much science and competency may be displayed as in making other
classes of pharmaceuticals.
     In the present work we have endeavored to point out defects, as well as
incompatible combinations; and though at first glance the impression may be
conveyed that we entertain a positive hostility to elixirs, yet, as it must be
admitted by every one that there is considerable room for friendly pruning, we
trust that our remarks will be received in the same kind spirit as that in which
they are made, and that we will not be reproached for being unnecessarily
censorious. And notwithstanding that our criticisms may appear to be severe, we
believe them to be fair and unprejudiced, and of such a character that both the
advocate and the opponent of " American Elixirs " may derive both satisfaction
and benefit from their perusal.
     J. U. L.

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                         PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION.
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

     WITHIN three months from the appearance of the first edition of this book,
the publishers have notified us that a second is demanded. This encourages us
to believe that our work is not wholly unappreciated.  We issued the first
edition with misgivings.  We feared that the class of preparations embraced
under the name elixir would not prove sufficiently interesting and valuable to
warrant the publication of a work devoted exclusively to this subject.  Then,
too, various problems arose when we attempted to untangle the intricate elixir
history, to reconcile incompatibles, to criticize judiciously, and to prevent
our prejudices from occasionally influencing our remarks. These and other points
rendered our labor by no means pleasant.  However, the favor with which the
first edition has been received, and the many words of approval regarding it,
lead us to believe that our labor has not been lost.  We cordially invite
pharmacists to notify us of any troublesome formula in this book, to correspond
with us concerning elixirs in local use, if omitted by it, and to advise us of
any historical oversight.
     J. U. L.

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                   PREFACE TO THE THIRD REVISED EDITION.
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

    As two former revisions of this little work have each been honored with a
call for several editions, and as there is at the same time a palpable decrease
in the sale of trade elixirs, there seems to be ample room for the conclusion
that preparations of this class are passing from the hands of manufacturing
chemists into those of the pharmacists themselves.  This fact, notwithstanding
an admitted decrease in the consumption of elixirs, will suffice to account for
a third revision.     The addition of about thirty new formulae brings the total
of the present edition to two hundred and seventy one; and, with the benefit of
experience, many of the older formulae have been modified and improved.  Thanks
to the cordial interest with which it has been favored by the profession, and
friendly correspondence received from many of its members, we are enabled to
present with each revision many valuable alterations in the processes.  We
desire at once to thank them heartily, and to beg them to show a continued
interest in the same friendly way.
     J. U. L.     CINCINNATI, November 10th, 1891.

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                                  ELIXIRS.
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

     THROUGH the courtesy of Dr. Charles Rice, to whom application was made by
the author for notes on the derivation of the word "elixir," we are enabled to
present his reply verbatim, and in addition presume to say a few words
concerning the "elixir" of the past and of the present which may interest the
reader:

     DEAR FRIEND:In reply to your inquiry concerning the etymology of the word
 " elixir," I would say that the word is proximately derived from the Arabic [],
being composed of the article [] (al or el) and [] .
     The latter is an arabicized form of the Greek word [] (xirion, the [] []
being pronounced like ee). This derivation was first recognized and announced by
Fleischer in 1839, but it seems to have been overlooked by later writers. 
Hermann Kopp, the historian of chemistry, in his "Beitrage zur Geschichte der
Chemie" (1869, p.209), quotes a number of passages from later Greek authors and
from writers of the alchemistic school, in which he shows that the Greek [] and
the Arabic [] are identical in signification, but he fails to notice their
etymological identity.  The Arabs cannot pronounce an initial [] (x) without
placing an auxiliary or supporting vowel in front of the double consonant, thus
making [].  This peculiarity of avoiding an initial double consonant (sc, sp,
etc.) occurs also in other languages, for instance in Spanish, where we have
espera, escila, espiritu, etc.
     The word [], in medical works, means any "dry powder" (from [], dry), such
as is used for dusting wounds. In alchemy it was used to denote the magical
transformation powder so much sought after, a pinch of which would convert a
whole mass of base metal into gold.  Iksr, in this sense, is identical with
another interesting Arabic term, viz., [] from which our word chemi-stry is
derived, but which is itself derived from the Greek).  This was also applied to
a concrete thing, namely, the substance supposed to be capable of making gold. 
For instance, we meet such expressions as [],"the making of the kimiya," and [],
" the making of the iksr," both meaning the same thing.
     In later, technical language, "Elixir" was used to denote various
preparations more or less alchemistic.  It was, for instance, synonymous with
"Liquid Tincture," the first step in the preparation of the philosopher's stone;
and there was a white and a red elixir distinguished.  Or, it designated any
compound preparation of supposed " sublime " properties, reputed to prolong
life and to ward off disease.
            Sincerely yours, CHARLES RICE.
     By referring to the letter of Dr. Rice it will be seen that at an early
period the term elixir designated "the magical transformation powder so much
sought after, a pinch of which would convert a whole mass of base metal into
gold."  Afterward the word was used " to denote various preparations more or
less alchemistic," and it is to be presumed that curious or potent liquids were
gradually introduced and included among powders.  Finally, the word elixir was
applied only to liquids, but these, like the original magical powder, were
supposed to possess the power of transmuting base metals into noble metals.
     Dr. Rice states that particular emphasis was once placed on a white and a
red elixir.  From a curious little work in our possession, bearing date 1682,
we present, for the reader's inspection, a facsimile of the processes
recommended for making these preparations; and that the quaint formulae may be
rendered more intelligible, we give a facsimile of a table which explains the
characters employed in the book, as follows:

                   [a 2-page facsimile]

An Explanation of Characters used in this Book.

                   [a 1-page facsimile]

     It will be observed that the white elixir, "Elixir Album," can only
produce silver, while the red elixir, "Elixir Rubrum," will transmute mercury
into pure gold.  We call attention to the red powder which is formed near the
completion of the process in making elixir rubrum, and which is used to prepare
the magical "oyl," and to the assertion that this same red powder "cureth most
diseases in man's body." Here we have an approach to the elixir of life (elixir
vitae) of the alchemists, together with the properties ascribed to the
philosopher's stone.  In this connection, a quotation from the writings of that
celebrated author of the eighteenth century, Boerhaave, is of interest
concerning the elixir vitae, which, in Boerhaave's language, was "one of the
chief things which the alchemists promise."  Their aim was to "discover an
artificial body of such virtue and efficacy, as that being applied to any body
of any of the three kingdoms, it shall improve its natural inherent virtues, so
as to make it the most perfect thing in its kind.  Thus, for instance, if
applied to the human body, it will be come an universal medicine, and make such
a change, both in the solid and fluid parts thereof, as shall render it
perfectly sound, and even maintain it in that state, until the parts being
slowly worn away and spent, death gently and without a struggle takes
possession."
     We find, therefore, that the alchemists, by the term elixir, intended to
designate substances which could either convert base metals into gold or silver,
or could prolong life and heal the sick, or embody both properties; and also,
that this substance might be either a liquid or a solid.  We do not generally
accredit the alchemists with a desire to heal diseases after the manner of
physicians of the present day, and doubtless the majority searched only for
riches.  However, while they mostly desired gold and silver, they realized that
the use of only an ordinary amount could be enjoyed in the usual lifetime
allotted to man.  Again, many of these infatuated men were on the brink of the
grave when their hopes seemed most likely to be realized, and of vital
importance would be the possession of a substance which could prolong life. 
Hence we find that some of them were searching directly for gold, or the
philosopher's stone by means of which all base metal could be changed into gold,
while others desired most the elixir of life, "elixir vitae." which could extend
life and change old age into youth.  Indeed, as incentives to their labors were
the assertions that these wonderful elixirs had been discovered by others, and
we quote from "The Birth of Chemistry" that "S. Thomas Aquinas was, like his
master (Albertus Magnus), a magician.  We are told that between them they
constructed a brazen statue, which Albertus animated with his elixir vitae."
     Culi asserted that "he converted fifty thousand pounds weight of base
metals into gold," and is said to have furnished his king with six millions of
money.  Paracelsus (born 1493, died 1541) is generally accredited with
instituting a new era in the study, for he was prominent in showing that
alchemy, which flourished in his day, and of which he was a zealous student,
could be of value to physicians, and that the knowledge derived from their
investigations could be turned to advantage in the treatment of disease.  Like
the old alchemists, however, Paracelsus surrounded his process with mysterious
expressions, and disjointed them until they were incomprehensible.
     He originated the "Elixir Proprietatis," stating that it was so potent as
"to continue health and long life to the utmost possible limits" (Boerhaave). 
This wonderful elixir was concocted by cumbersome processes from such simples as
saffron, aloes, and myrrh; and notwithstanding Paracelsus claimed that by using
the vaunted elixir proprietatis "he should live as long as Methuselah," he died
a broken wreck in his forty-seventh year.  We find that this elixir, which is a
record of Paracelsus' egotism, has been recognized in our dispensatories and in
the older pharmacopoeias, with more or less alteration, even to the present day.
Boerhaave gave five different processes for making it, each of which produced,
in his opinion, a most potent remedy.  As a curiosity, and to illustrate the
wonderful properties attributed to these concoctions in those days, and to the
virtues of which even such a chemist as Boerhaave could certify, we reproduce
from his "Elementa Chemiae," which was published in 1724, the formula and uses
of his

ELIXIR PROPRIETATIS WITH DISTILLED VINEGAR.

     "Take choice aloes, saffron, and myrrh, of each half an ounce, cut and
bruise them, put them into a tall bolt-head, pour twenty times their own weight
of the strongest distilled vinegar thereon, let them simmer together in our
little wooden furnace for twelve hours: now suffer the whole to rest, that the
faeces may subside, and gently strain off the pure liquor through a thin linen;
put half the quantity of distilled vinegar to the remainder, boil and proceed as
before, and throw away the faeces.  Mix the two tinctures together, and distil
with a gentle fire till the whole is thickened to a third; keep the vinegar
that comes over for the same use; and what remains behind is the Elixir
Proprietatis, made with distilled vinegar.

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
     THE USES.
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

     "Thus we obtain an acid, aromatic medicine, of great use in the practice
of physic; for when externally applied, it cleanses and heals putrid, sinuous,
and fistulous old ulcers, defends the parts from  putrefaction, and preserves
them by a true embalming virtue; it also heals ulcers, and cures gangrenes in
the lips, tongue, palate, and jaws.  It has the same effects in the first
passages, when used internally, as often as putrefied matter, corrupted bile,
concreted phlegm, worms, and numberless distempers proceeding from these four
causes, are lodged or seated therein.  Again, it has nearly the same effects in
the blood and viscera, as may easily appear from knowing the virtues of the
three ingredients when dissolved in a subtile vinegar.  It is to be taken in a
morning upon an empty stomach, at least twelve hours after eating; it is given
from a drachm to two or three for a dose in sweet wine or mead, or the like,
walking after it, or having the belly gently rubbed. If taken in a larger dose,
and with a somewhat cooler regimen, it always purges; if in a less dose, and
often repeated, it cleanses the blood by secreting thick urine; and generally
performs both these operations successively.  But if taken plentifully, while
the patient is in bed and the body well covered, it acts as an excellent
sudorific; and afterward usually purges, and proves diuretic, and thus becomes
very useful; whence I conceive that this is the best acid elixir proprietatis,
good in numerous cases, and at the same time safe.
     "Paracelsus declared that an elixir made of aloes, saffron, and myrrh
would prove a vivifying and preserving balsam, able to continue health and long
life to the utmost possible limits; and hence he calls it by a lofty title 'the
elixir of propriety' to man, but concealed the preparation, in which Helmont
asserts the alcahest is required."

     Through the eighteenth century elixirs were numerous, and although their
former alchemistic properties were cast aside, physicians seemed to attribute
to them virtues scarcely less than those ascribed to the famous elixir vitae. 
They were also surrounded with mysteries, and their compositions were most
carefully concealed.  Prominent physicians individualized themselves by
attaching their names to tinctures of herbs extracted with spirit of wine or
with acid solutions, and these names have been handed down to us and are still
in use.  It must not be inferred, however, that these men gave their treasures
openly to competitors, for we find that great care was employed to cover their
processes and to conceal the constituents of these compounds, and at the present
day we find it difficult to decide as to the authenticity of such as Daffey's
Elixir, Helmont's Elixir, Mynsicht's Elixir, Vigani's Elixir, etc., etc. 
Indeed, many of the old works give several formulae for preparing a single
elixir, and often all the processes were impracticable.  Thus we find that with
each revision of the older pharmacopoeias and dispensatories these formulae have
been altered and simplified, and as the outcome we refer to some of our well
known tinctures, which have sprung from and are  modifications of ancient
elixirs:

      ELIXIR SALUTIS gave us Compound Tincture of Senna.
      ELIXIR PAREGORICUM gave us Camphorated Tincture of Opium.
      ELIXIR PROPRIETATIS gave us Compound Tincture of Aloes.
      ELIXIR STOMACHICUM gave us Compound Tincture of Gentian.
      ELIXIR SACRUM gave us Tincture of Rhubarb and Aloes.

     With one exception the name elixir has become obsolete with the foregoing
tinctures, and that one, paregoric, will doubtless, in a moderate period of
time, exist as a relic of history.
     The elixir of the period we have just considered was in reality a compound
tincture, or a modification of what we call a compound tincture.  Hooper's
Medical Dictionary of 1820 defines the elixir as "a term formerly applied to
many preparations similar to compound tinctures."  We find, also, that the old
elixirs were disagreeable and bitter.  There was no desire to render them
pleasant; indeed, the aim seemed to be the concoction of mixtures as nauseating
as possible, and the physician who could produce the nastiest, and which were
followed by the most severe torture to the patient, seemed the best man.  His
motto might well have been
     "I puke. I purge, I sweat 'em,
       And if they die, I let 'em."

     In connection with this phase of the elixir question, we find that of the
elixirs named in the "New Dispensatory," London, 1770, but one contained sugar
or any form of sweetening.  This view of the elixir is still prevalent in
Europe, and the German Pharmacopoeia of 1879 recognized twelve preparations under
the name of elixir, none of which were sweetened.  The idea accepted in our
country at the present time regarding what should be the attributes of an elixir
is strictly an Americanism.  The term Cordial would better define the sweetened
and flavored pharmaceuticals which we shall now consider historically as

AMERICAN ELIXIRS.

     One of the popular elixirs of the present day is advertised to have been
introduced in the year 1830.  Our respected friend Mr. Chas. A. Heinisth writes
us as follows:
     "I send you a copy of an old label for a 'Cordial Elixir of Quinine' my
father formerly made.  This label I remember appeared old when I first worked in
the store in 1838.  How long it had been used is more than I can say or
remember.  This Cordial Elixir of Calisaya was composed of quinine, cloves,
cinnamon, bitter orange peel, capsicum, sugar, and dilute alcohol."
     Mr. Heinisth enclosed us a copy of the original label, taken from one of
the bottles which was in the cellar of the store in 1838.  We take the liberty
to reproduce it, and our readers will note that it closely resembles the elixir
labels of the present day:

"CORDIAL ELIXIR OF QUININE.

     "This excellent preparation is particularly recommended to persons of
delicate habit and weak stomach.  It increases the appetite, facilitates
digestion, and is well adapted to all persons living in low and marshy
countries, where ague and fever prevail, and also for those who are exposed to
damp and wet weather.  It is taken with success by persons weakened by fever and
ague, or by a copious perspiration produced by the heat of summer.  Persons
recovering from bilious fever should use it freely, to prevent a relapse.  From
half a wineglass to a wineglassful is to be taken once or twice a day, as
occasion may require.
     "Prepared and sold by John T. Heinisth, Druggist, East King St.,
Lancaster, Pa."
 
     The first of these trade preparations which the writer can recall was
thrown upon the market in this city (Cincinnati) about 1863, under the name
"Sim's Cordial Elixir of Calisaya."

     It was of a beautiful red color, nicely flavored, and very pleasant to the
taste, and it was the forerunner, or at least among the first, of the line of
pharmaceuticals subsequently scattered so abundantly over our country. 
Afterward the "Elixir of Calisaya and Pyrophosphate of Iron" appeared, and then
"Calisaya, Pyrophosphate of Iron, and Strychnine."  Soon traveling agents for
pharmaceutical houses began to court physicians and so licit them to specify
particular brands when prescribing, thus necessitating duplicates upon the
apothecaries' shelves of the same preparation, and about the year 1874 the
elixir mania was at its height.  The burden thus thrown upon our pharmacists was
considerablemore in the aggregate than most of us can realize.  Elixirs of the
same name, and which should have been identical, were duplicated, or multiplied,
in the same store, and each differed in appearance and flavor from all the
others.  If a prescription was filled with an elixir of calisaya prepared by one
maker, it could not be refilled with that of another, since such a course would
render it liable to be returned by the purchaser as a different medicine from
that obtained at first.  Physician of the highest reputation were accustomed to
specify the brand of elixir desired, and the writer can remember that time and
again he has hurried to distant portions of the city searching for an elixir of
a particular make and which was not in stock, although several substitutes for
what should have been the same preparation were on the shelves.  In addition to
the above-named aggravation, combinations, or rather associations, of substances
incompatible under all ordinary conditions were advertised under the name
elixir, and substances perfectly insoluble in the menstruum employed were
represented as being dissolved; and to add to these questionable features,
quinine and combinations of quinine were asserted to be in a soluble form and
nearly tasteless.  It is needless to consider this phase of the subject longer,
for all are familiar with the result.  The burden was too great; elixirs as a
class were severely criticized, and many pharmacists and physicians included
those which were worthy among those which were indifferent and bad.  The
reaction which followed was disastrous to the interests of the men who
unintentionally brought it about (elixir manufacturers), for physicians largely
ceased ordering elixirs of special make, and pharmacists threw their influences
against the preparations compounded by manufacturers of these specialties. The
writer aims simply to give a brief synopsis of the history of the class of
pharmaceuticals under consideration, and does not wish to argue in favor or
against them; and the elixir of the present day has been reached.
     Throughout this country the preparation of elixirs is gradually passing
from a few wholesale manufacturers into the hands of the many pharmacists. 
Quantities of elixirs are prescribed, but their preparation has extended over
the entire country instead of being confined to a few localities.  Physicians
have their favorite elixirs and prescribe them, but these elixirs must, as a
rule, be unquestionable.  In many instances, however, incompatibles are
undoubtedly brought together at the expense of the final product, drugs
insoluble in the menstruum are supposed to be represented by the resultant
elixir, and tedious, round about methods are employed where simple, direct
processes can be substituted.  Before considering elixirs individually, it is
but just to review their history during the past twenty years, for many
pharmacists have not the necessary works at their command, and reference is
constantly made to the action of the societies which considered them and the men
who early made them a study.
     The Committee on Unofficinal Preparations appointed by the American
Pharmaceutical Association in 1870, was Professor J. Faris Moore, M.D., who
included in his report to the Society (1871) a series of elixirs, and this was
the first general recognition these preparations received from that body.  In
the year following the appointment of the committee (1871), Mr. Ottmar Eberbach
read a volunteer paper before the Society at its meeting in Cleveland. Ohio, in
which he gave the result of his analysis of several commercial elixirs.  The
paper provoked considerable discussion, and resulted in the following:

     "Resolved, That a committee of five be appointed by the President to take
into consideration the subject of elixirs and similar unofficinal preparations
in all its bearings upon pharmacy, and, if deemed proper, to report suitable
formulae for the guidance of the members of this Association."

     In 1872 Professor C. Lewis Diehl contributed an interesting paper on the
elixir subject.  It was read before the Louisville College of Pharmacy, and
afterward published by the pharmaceutical journals, and by this means several
admirable formulae were introduced.  Many of these processes are still used and
accepted as standard, being preferred by pharmacists to those afterward offered
as improvements.  Next (1873) the committee appointed by the American
Pharmaceutical Association made a minority report (including many formulae),
which was that of the chairman of the committee, Mr. J. F. Hancock, and which,
after some discussion, was adopted, and the following resolutions were offered
by Professor J. M. Maisch:

     "Resolved, That the report be adopted, with the recommendation that these
formulae be used by the members of the Association, and that the Secretary be
instructed to send a printed copy with the report to the medical societies of
the United States, with the suggestion that physicians, if prescribing elixirs
at all, prescribe only such formulae as have been adopted by this Association. 
The object is to attain, as nearly as possible, a uniformity in the United
States."
     "Resolved, That Mr. J. F. Hancock be appointed the Committee on
unofficinal Formulas."

     At the meeting of the Society which followed, in Louisville, Ky.. 1874,
the Committee on Unofficinal Formulae failed to introduce elixirs.  However, Mr.
Ebert, of Chicago, presented a series of elixir formulae, based upon those of
Professor C. Lewis Diehl, and prepared by a committee under the supervision of
the Chicago College of Pharmacy, and suggested that they be revised or adopted
by the Society
for general use. After an animated discussion, Mr. Peixotto offered a
resolution, which, amended by Mr. Roberts, was adopted, as follows:

     "Resolved, That a committee of three be appointed, to whom shall be
referred the formulae of elixirs presented by the Chicago College of Pharmacy,
said committee to examine the formulae and carefully compare them with the
formulae adopted at the last annual meeting, or which may be submitted to them,
to modify any or all formulae if necessary, and to report to the next meeting."

     At the next meeting, 1875, the committee reported a number of formulae,
some differing from those previously adopted by the Society, others new.  Since
that time many formulae have been introduced through the "Report on the Progress
of Pharmacy," which is the portion of the Proceedings of the American
Pharmaceutical Association devoted to a review of the advance of pharmacy during
the year, but there has been no other official consideration of these
preparations.
     In reviewing the work to which we have referred, we shall simply say that
in many instances experience has demonstrated that there are defects in the
formulae which may be overcome.  It was not to be expected that the work of
these committees could be perfect, and while from necessity we often deviate in
manipulation from the formulae offered by the committees, we feel that, inasmuch
as the proportions of the medicinal ingredients are retained by us, our formulae
may be considered as answering the requirements of the American Pharmaceutical
Association.  Twenty, nineteen, and sixteen years have passed since these
committees successively reported, fully the time required between two revisions
of our Pharmacopoeia, and doubtless the members of the committees have
individually revised many of their processes, profiting by these years of
experience and by the criticisms of others.  In connection with the elixir
question and the American Pharmaceutical Association, we must not overlook the
valuable paper presented by Mr. R. W. Gardner at the meeting in Saratoga, 1880,
and which embraces more formulae than had elsewhere, to our knowledge, been
compiled at that time, and to which we often refer in the work which follows. 
We must not overlook the series of formulae adopted by the Newark Pharmaceutical
Association in 1876, and those adopted by the Associated Committees of the
National College of Pharmacy and the Medical Society of the District of
Columbia.  The formulae recommended by both of these bodies were published in
the various pharmaceutical journals and served a good purpose.
     Lastly (1884), the "New York and Brooklyn Formulary" appeared and
presented an excellent (though limited in number) line of elixir formulae, which
work being adopted by the American Pharmaceutical Association, Pittsburgh, l885,
and enlarged under the title "National Formulary " (1888), is now the most
complete authoritative treatise on elixirs.  In this edition of our work we have
made the proportions of the drug ingredients conform to those of that
publication for such elixirs as are common to both.  We will add that the
"National Formulary" should be in the hands of every pharmacist.
     Compound elixirs have now multiplied until their number is such as to be
burdensome.  The problem regarding proportion of ingredients was one that early
commanded our attention, and which we endeavored to systematize, in the absence
of authority, so as to conform, if possible, to some general rule.  The
necessity for some such action may be illustrated as follows:
     Elixir of phosphate of quinine contains one grain of quinine in each
fluidrachm.
     Elixir of pyrophosphate of iron contains two grains of pyrophosphate of
iron in each fluidrachm.
     What shall be the proportion of phosphate of quinine and of pyrophosphate
of iron in each fluidrachm of elixir of phosphate of quinine and pyrophosphate
of iron?   Again,
     Elixir of phosphate of quinine contains one grain of quinine in each
fluidrachm.
     Elixir of phosphate of cinchonidine contains one grain of cinchonidine in
each fluidrachm.
     Elixir of phosphate of cinchonine contains two grains of cinchonine in
each fluidrachm.
     What shall be the proportion of the several ingredients in the elixir of
phosphate of quinine, cinchonidine, and cinchonine ?
     If each fluidrachm of this last elixir contains the amount of each
ingredient which is present in the same amount of the simple elixir of that
substance, we will have four grains of the combined alkaloids, an unreasonable
quantity for a preparation of the character of an elixir.
     In consequence of examples similar to those above named, and which
demanded some regular plan of procedure, if such could be devised, we have for
many years attempted to systematize the matter, and our efforts have met with
some success.  In making compound elixirs, where it was possible, we have
represented in each fluidrachm the aggregate amount of alkaloids which would be
present were the several elixirs mixed together in equal quantities.  We believe
that, as a rule, under the conditions which confront us in the problem of
compound elixirs, physicians desire the associated action of smaller amounts of
the several ingredients rather than the full dose of each.  It is true that, for
obvious reasons, this rule cannot always be upheld, but where it has been
practicable we have endeavored to carry it out.
     The proportion of strychnine in the elixirs of commerce has never been
uniform, and even the men who seem to have made elixir formulae a special
consideration vary one from another.  Some use one grain of strychnine to
sixteen fluidounces of the finished elixir, which is the one-hundred and-twenty-
eighth part of a grain to each fluidrachm, while others use severally one-
hundredth, one-sixtieth, and one-fifty-first of a grain.  Strychnine is far too
violent and poisonous a substance for such a range of proportions, and in our
opinion it is to be regretted that, even though  ignoring elixirs as a class,
our Committee upon Revision of the Pharmacopoeia did not authorize some
proportion which pharmacists could adopt in order to further a uniformity in
these preparations.
     Since the foregoing was written the National Formulary has authorized the
making of elixirs containing strychnine compounds in which one and one-quarter
grains of strychnine or of the strychnine salt are used in preparing sixteen
fluidounces of the elixir. Thus the authoritative proportion of strychnine has
been accepted approximately as the one-hundredth part of a grain to each
fluidrachm. In accordance therewith, in the body of the present edition of our
work on elixirs, the strychnine proportions in these elixirs are made to conform
to that strength.
     In making solutions of strychnine we usually convert it into a soluble
salt by means of acetic acid.  This forms a combination which in our experience
is best for associating strychnine with the entire list of substances which are
used to form the compound elixirs containing that alkaloid.  In some instances
the elixir in which the strychnine is to be placed has an alkaline reaction and
may decompose the salt; yet as the elixir contains some alcohol, and besides has
as a menstruum a solvent action different from that of water, it does not
necessarily follow that precipitation of the alkaloid will result.  However, it
is well to be cautious, and should a white, flocculent precipitate occur in
elixirs containing strychnine and which are alkaline in reaction, this
precipitate should be considered as dangerous and care exercised in dispensing
the elixir.
     In all the formulae where it is practicable we have introduced fluid
extracts instead of crude drugs.  This we consider advantageous for several
reasons, and fluid extracts may now be readily obtained to represent nearly
every plant used in medicine.  In many instances we object to certain drugs
under any consideration as the foundation of an elixir, and we have not
hesitated to criticize freely where the medicinal principles of the drug cannot
in our opinion be extracted or held in solution by the elixir.  However, if the
menstruum precipitates these principles from the fluid extract, it will probably
refuse to extract them from the crude drug, so that little if any advantage will
accrue in this direction from the use of the crude material.  We vary from the
methods employed by the committee appointed by the American Pharmaceutical
Association regarding the manner of mixing a tincture or fluid extract with the
menstruum.  If they are mixed directly together, precipitation results
immediately of much of such substances as are insoluble in the resultant
menstruum.  This produces a preparation which pharmacists and physicians refuse
to accept as an elixir.  True it is that these substances may be inert and that
filtration will separate them; yet the nature of the case is such that
filtration is only of temporary benefit, and even after several filtrations the
precipitation continues.  This trouble may be overcome to a great extent by
following the old process for making medicated waters, that is, by triturating
the fluid extract or tincture with magnesium carbonate, or with some other inert
powder if this substance is inadmissible, after which the simple elixir is added
and the mixture filtered.  By this process the insoluble materials are separated
at once, which is preferable to having the precipitation extend over days and
weeks.  Besides, the surface exposure caused by the trituration of the fluid
extract with the magnesium carbonate may favor the saturation of the menstruum
in the manner it does with essential oils under the same conditions.
     We have adopted a simple elixir which practically agrees with that of our
Pharmacopoeia (1883), although the method of manipulation differs somewhat.  We
object to elixirs which contain cinnamon, caraway, coriander, cardamom, or
cloves (unless used as aromatic elixirs), for many persons are prejudiced
against certain of these substances, and it is not unusual to meet persons with
whom the flavor of one of the foregoing is unbearable.  The simple elixir
should, in our opinion, be as nearly as possible pleasant to the majority of
persons, and we have no record of an objection to the flavor of lemon or of
orange, separate or combined.  Our formula for simple elixir, therefore,
associates these substances in such proportion as to produce a very acceptable
and grateful combination, the orange preponderating.
     When we consider that in the pages which follow we find processes for
making 271 different elixirs, we are confronted with the fact that these elixirs
alone would fill the shelves of an ordinary storeroom.  The problem to be
considered by pharmacists is that of finding the most convenient method which
will enable them to dispense these combinations in a creditable manner without
overstocking their shelves.  This has been and is a consideration of pressing
importance to the writer, and the trouble has been overcome, to a very great
extent, by adopting a system which would permit the preparation of compound
elixirs from those more simple, and in studying how to make the different
elixirs from compatible ingredients.  In many instances this is impossible
without injury to the product, and yet, in the large majority of cases,
pharmacists are able to extemporize and supply most demands from their stock of
standard elixirs, which are those in most common use.
     Some elixirs may be called permanent, but this term cannot be applied to
the larger number.  Associations of the alkaloids in acid solution only, or
elixir of pyrophosphate of iron in alkaline solution, or others under certain
conditions, might possibly be claimed as fairly permanent.  However, the elixir
of pyrophosphate of iron will decompose if exposed to the sunlight or even
strongly diffused daylight, and it may gelatinize after a time if of acid
reaction, while alterations will follow with the solutions of the alkaloids. 
Few organic bodies are permanent in solutions containing far more alcohol than
is permissible with the modern elixir, and in consequence many elixirs will
alter in appearance, or even precipitate, if they contain the substances which
are supposed to be present.
     In reviewing the formulae which follow, the reader may criticize the
number of different elixirs presented.  This, we admit, is a fault, but one
beyond our control, and some of the elixirs are seldom used, some are simply
curiosities.  This country is large, however, and if the reader will regard a
certain preparation as one which should have been omitted, he may be surprised
to learn that in other localities it is very much in demand.  Time and again we
have been surprised on learning of the local consumption of substances we
scarcely thought commanded a sale, and, upon the other hand, we have excited
comment over certain preparations scarcely known to others and yet made by us in
quantities.  In connection with this phase of the subject, we feel that our
position is not that of a judgea position occupied by certain committeesbut
that, as our subject is "elixirs," it is our duty to consider them as a body.
     We desire to call attention to the fact that it was our first intention to
give the several processes and criticisms which have been made regarding each
elixir introduced during the past twenty years. This proved to be impracticable,
and we were forced to draw the line sharply.  If the reader will select as an
example any one of the prominent elixirs, and hunt up the reviews, different
formulae, etc., regarding it which have appeared in the various pharmaceutical
journals and the Proceedings of the American Pharmaceutical Association during
that period, he will doubtless be astonished at the magnitude of the matter; and
when it is remembered that recent years have given us several new and worthy
pharmaceutical journals, and that elixirs are more or less considered by all of
them, it will be seen that to give an intelligent and faithful resume in a work
like ours would be impracticable.
     Our aim has been to credit those who introduced special combinations and
the journals whose pages we consulted to find their records, and yet it is
likely that unintentional oversights and errors have been made.
     In conclusion, we may say that we trust pharmacists will find our formulae
to present some advantages over a line of compilations, for they are not simply
abstracts from the work that others have done.

ELIXIR FORMULAE

1. ELIXIR ADJUVANS.

     Fluid extract of orange peel,           1/2 fluidounces
     Fluid extract of coriander,           1/4 fluidounces
     Fluid extract of caraway,           1/4 fluidounces
     Fluid extract of wild-cherry bark,     1 fluidounces
     Fluid extract of licorice root,     1  1/2 fluidounces.
     Simple elixir,               14 fluidounces
     Alcohol,                 1/2 fluidounces.
     Carbonate of magnesium,          a sufficient quantity.

     Mix the fluid extracts and evaporate them to one-half of their bulk, at a
temperature not exceeding 150 F.  Triturate the remaining liquid in a capacious
mortar with carbonate of magnesium in amount sufficient to form a creamy
mixture, then gradually add the simple elixir, stirring well, and filter. 
Lastly, mix the filtrate with the alcohol. The ingredients for this elixir were
named in the Druggists' Circular, 1879.
     The National Formulary presents a process for making this preparation in
which the crude drugs are percolated and the elixir prepared from the percolate.

2. ELIXIR OF BROMIDE OF AMMONIUM.

     Bromide of ammonium,     640 grains.
     Simple elixir,          15 1/2 fluidounces.

     Dissolve the bromide of ammonium in the simple elixir, and filter if
necessary.
     Each teaspoonful of the finished elixir contains five grains of bromide of
ammonium.
     The National Formulary directs the addition of thirty grains of citric
acid to sixteen fluidounces of this elixir.

3.  ELIXIR ALOES.
(COMPOUND TINCTURE OF ALOES.)

     Aloes,     3 troy ounces
     Saffron     3 troy ounces
     Tincture myrrh,     2 pints.

     Reduce the drugs to a coarse powder and macerate in the alcohol for
fourteen days, stirring the mixture thoroughly each day; then filter.
     ("The New Dispensatory," London, 1770.)

4.  ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIUM.

     Valerianate of ammonium          256 grains.
     Simple elixir, ammonia water, carmine solution,
     of each a sufficient quantity.

     Dissolve the valerianate of ammonium in twelve fluid ounces of simple
elixir, and bring this to the measure of sixteen fluidounces by the addition of
a sufficient amount of simple elixir. Then cautiously add ammonia water until in
slight excess, and color with solution of carmine until decidedly red.  Each
fluidrachm (teaspoonful) of the finished elixir represents two grains of
valerianate of ammonium, the same as that adopted by the American Pharmaceutical
Association, 1873.
     Valerianate of ammonium, especially if the valerianic acid is in excess,
has, to most persons, a very offensive odor.  This the addition of the ammonia
water tends to subdue, but wherever valerianate of ammonium is free, or in
aqueous solution, the odor will remain.  If dissolved in officinal alcohol,
however, it is scarcely apparent, but such a solution will not conform to our
modern "elixir."  The addition of water to the alcoholic solution revives the
odor.
     The history of this elixir is of interest, since it was among the first of
the popular elixirs introduced, and has retained its prestige to the present
day.  In an essay by Mr. Trovillo H. K. Enos, read before the Maryland College
of Pharmacy, 1861, the statement is made that "a preparation known as Pierlot's
solution of valerianate of ammonium has long been used among physicians in
Philadelphia; but the disagreeable taste and odor of the solution having been
found objectionable to patients, the pharmacists have been led to suggest some
mode of disguising both, and presenting the preparation in an agreeable form for
administration, without materially altering its effect; and the form of an
elixir has been adopted." Mr. Enos then gave his formula, which was as follows:

     Valerianic acid,     .     1 fluidrachm.
     Simple syrup,          1 fluidounces.
     Extract of sweet orange peel,     2 fluidrachms.
     Alcohol,          1 fluidounces.
     Orange-flower water,          1/2 fluidounces.
     Distilled water, carbonate of ammonium,
           of each a sufficient quantity.

     Dilute the valerianic acid with one-half fluidounces of water, and
neutralize it with the carbonate of ammonium, add the alcohol, having previously
mixed it with the fluid extract of orange peel, and then add the other
ingredients and filter.
     In 1863 Mr. Joseph Roberts accepted a query in the American Pharmaceutical
Association, reading as follows: "What is the best formula for Elixir of
Valerianate of Ammonium which shall be nearly free from valerianic odor, and
elegantly aromatized ?"  Having failed to reply, in 1865 Mr. J. Faris Moore gave
a formula to the Society which in substance agreed with that of Mr. Enos, the
principle being the formation of valerianate of ammonium from valerianic acid,
by saturating it with carbonate of ammonium.  At this day valerianate of
ammonium is employed instead of the valerianic acid.

     SOLUTION OF CARMINE.This preparation has been used some twelve years by
the writer, in preference to any "tincture" of cochineal. The fat in cochineal
causes such preparations to putrefy in warm weather; and to extract the fat by
means of ether from the powdered cochineal, previous to tincturing, is expensive
and tedious. The term "tincture of cochineal" is scarcely appropriate as applied
to the aqueous solutions made of cochineal, cream of tartar, and alum, and, as
the object is simply to secure a coloring matter, the term might with equal
propriety be applied to our solution of carmine, made as follows:
     Carmine, No. 40,               60 grains.
     Distilled water, glycerin, of each,     4 fluidounces.
     Ammonia water,               a sufficient quantity.

     Powder the carmine and triturate with the water, gradually adding ammonia
water until the carmine disappears and a dark-red liquid, free from insoluble
matter, remains.  To this add the glycerin, and mix.  Should this solution ever
become murky, a little ammonia water will restore its transparency.
     Solution of carmine is necessarily alkaline, and cannot be employed to
color acid liquids.  For all neutral or alkaline solutions it is admirable, and
for soda-water syrups is far preferable to aniline red.

5. ELIXIR of VALERIANATE of AMMONIUM with CINCHONIDINE .
 (ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIA WITH CINCHONIDIA.)

     Cinchonidine (alkaloid),           128 grains.
     Elixir of valerianate of ammonium,
            acetic acid,          of each a sufficient quantity.

     Triturate the cinchonidine in a mortar with acetic acid in amount
sufficient to effect its solution, and add to this liquid elixir of valerianate
of ammonium until the product measures sixteen fluidounces.  If not of acid
reaction, add cautiously acetic acid until it will redden blue litmus paper, and
filter if necessary.
     (All of the combinations of valerianate of ammonium and the alkaloids in
elixir form should have an acid reaction. It is, therefore, to be understood,
with the formulae of this character which follow, that in case the elixir is
alkaline it must be acidulated with acetic acid.)
     Each fluidrachm (teaspoonful) of the finished elixir contains two grains
of valerianate of ammonium, and one grain of cinchonidine as the acetate of
that alkaloid.

6. ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIUM WITH CINCHONIDINE AND CINCHONINE.
(ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIA WITH CINCHONIDIA AND CINCHONIA.)

     Elixir of valerianate of ammonium
          with cinchonidine,           8 fluidounces.
     Elixir of valerianate of ammonium
         with cinchonine,           8 fluidounces.
     Mix them together.

      Each fluidrachm (teaspoonful) of the finished elixir contains two grains
of valerianate of ammonium, and a half grain each of cinchonidine and
cinchonine as acetates of these alkaloids.

7.  ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIUM W/CINCHONIDINE,CINCHONINE AND STRYCHNINE.
(ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIA WITH CINCHONIDIA, CINCHONIA, AND STRYCHNIA. )

     Elixir of valerianate of ammonium
       with cinchonidine,          8 fluidounces.
     Elixir of valerianate of ammonium
       with cinchonine,          8 fluidounces.
     Strychnine,               1 1/4 grains.
     Acetic acid,               a sufficient quantity.

     Triturate the strychnine in a mortar with acetic acid in amount sufficient
to effect its solution, and add the elixirs, having previously mixed them
together.  Filter if necessary.
     Each fluidrachm (teaspoonful) of the finished elixir contains two grains
of valerianate of ammonium, one-half grain each of cinchonidine and cinchonine,
and one hundredth grain of strychnine. The alkaloids are in form of acetates.

8.  ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIUM W/CINCHONIDINE AND PYROPHOSPHATE OF IRON.
(ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIA WITH CINCHONIDIA AND IRON.)

     Elixir of valerianate of ammonium
         with cinchonidine,     .     8 fluidounces.
     Elixir of valerianate of ammonium
         with pyrophosphate of iron,     8 fluidounces.

     Mix them together.
     Each fluidrachm (teaspoonful) of the finished elixir contains two grains
of valerianate of ammonium, one grain of pyrophosphate of iron, and one-half
grain of cinchonidine, the latter in the form of an acetate.
     CAUTION.Excess of acid will cause the pyrophosphate of iron to
gelatinize.  Excess of alkali precipitates the cinchonidine.  The elixir should
be made as nearly neutral as possible, and remain transparent, by the use of
acetic acid and ammonia water, as indicated by litmus paper.

9.  ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIUM WITH CINCHONIDINE, PYROPHOSPHATE OF IRON,
       AND STRYCHNINE.
(ELIXIR of VALERIANATE of AMMONIA, CINCHONIDIA, IRON, AND STRYCHNIA )

     Elixir of valerianate of ammonium
        with cinchonidine,           8 fluidounces.
     Elixir of valerianate of ammonium
        with pyrophosphate of iron,     8 fluidounces.
     Strychnine,               1 1/4 grains.
     Acetic acid,               a sufficient quantity.

     Triturate the strychnine in a mortar with acetic acid in amount sufficient
to effect its solution, and add this to the elixirs, having previously mixed
them together. Use precautions suggested with elixir of valerianate of ammonium
with cinchonidine and pyrophosphate of iron.
     Each fluidrachm (teaspoonful) of the finished elixir contains two grains
of valerianate of ammonium, one-half grain of pyrophosphate of iron, one-half
grain of cinchonidine, and one-hundredth grain of strychnine.  The alkaloids
exist as acetates.

10.  ELIXIR of VALERIANATE of AMMONIUM with CINCHONINE.
 (ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIA WITH CINCHONIA.)

     Cinchonine (alkaloid),           128 grains.
     Elixir of valerianate of Ammonium
          diluted acetic acid,           of each a sufficient quantity.

     Triturate the cinchonine in a mortar with the acetic acid in amount
sufficient to effect its solution, and mix with this elixir of valerianate of
ammonium until the product measures sixteen fluidounces.  If not of acid
reaction, add cautiously acetic acid until it will redden litmus paper, and
filter if necessary.
     Each fluidrachm (teaspoonful) of the finished elixir contains two grains
of valerianate of ammonium, and one grain of cinchonine as the acetate of that
alkaloid.

11. ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIUM WITH CINCHONINE AND PYROPHOSPHATE OF IRON.
 (ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIA, CINCHONIA, AND IRON.)

     Elixir of valerianate of ammonium with
        cinchonine,                8 fluidounces
     Elixir of valerianate of ammonium with
        pyrophosphate of iron,          8 fluidounces

   Mix them together. Use precautions suggested with elixir of valerianate of
ammonium with cinchonidine and pyrophosphate of iron.
     Each fluidrachm (teaspoonful) of the finished elixir contains two grains
of valerianate of ammonium, one grain of pyrophosphate of iron, and one-half
grain of cinchonine as the acetate of that alkaloid.

12.  ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIUM W/CINCHONINE, PYROPHOSPHATE OF IRON,
     AND STRYCHNINE
(ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIA, ClNCHONIA, IRON, AND STRYCHNIA.)

     Elixir of valerianate of ammo      nium with cinchonine
        and pyrophosphate of iron,          16 fluidounces.
     Strychnine,               1 1/4 grains.
     Acetic acid,               a sufficient quantity.

     Triturate the strychnine in a mortar with acetic acid in amount sufficient
 to effect its solution, and then add the elixir of valerianate of ammonium with
 cinchonine and pyrophosphate of iron.  Observe precautions suggested with
elixir of valerianate of ammonium with cinchonidine and pyrophosphate of iron.
     Each fluidrachm (teaspoonful) of the finished elixir contains two grains
of valerianate of ammonium, one grain of pyrophosphate of iron, one-half grain
of cinchonine, and one-hundredth of a grain of strychnine.  The alkaloids exist
as acetates.  This preparation should be as nearly neutral in reaction as it is
possible to make it.

13.  ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIUM WITH CINCHONlNE AND STRYCHNINE.
(ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIA, CINCHONIA, AND STRYCHNIA.)

     Elixir of valerianate of ammo-
        nium with cinchonine,          16 fluidounces.
     Strychnine,                1 1/4 grains.
     Acetic acid,               a sufficient quantity.

     Triturate the strychnine in a mortar with acetic acid in sufficient amount
 to effect its solution, then add the elixir of valerianate of ammonium with
cinchonine, and filter if necessary.  If not of acid reaction, acidulate
slightly with acetic acid.
     Each fluidrachm (teaspoonful) of the finished elixir contains two grains
of valerianate of ammonium, one grain of cinchonine, and one-hundredth of a
grain of strychnine as the acetate of that alkaloid.

14.  ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIUM WITH PYROPHOSPHATE OF IRON.
 (ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIA AND IRON.)

     Elixir of valerianate of ammonium,     8 fluidounces.
         "     pyrophosphate of iron,      8 fluidounces.
     Mix them together.

     Each fluidrachm (teaspoonful) of the finished elixir contains one grain
each of valerianate of ammonium and of pyrophosphate of iron.  It should have a
slightly alkaline reaction.

15. ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIUM AND QUININE.

     Quinine (alkaloid),          32 grains.
     Elixir of valerianate of ammonium,
           diluted acetic acid,          of each a sufficient quantity.

     Triturate the quinine in a mortar with a sufficient amount of the acetic
acid to effect its solution, then mix the liquid with enough elixir of
valerianate of ammonium to produce sixteen fluidounces.  If not of acid
reaction, add acetic acid until it will change the color of blue litmus paper to
 red.
     Each fluidrachm (teaspoonful) of the finished elixir contains two grains
of valerianate of ammonium, and one-fourth grain of quinine as the acetate of
that alkaloid.
     The National Formulary directs that thirty-two grains of hydrochlorate of
quinine be dissolved in sixteen fluidounces of elixir of valerianate of
ammonium.  Thus each fluidrachm contains one-fourth grain of hydrochlorate of
quinine.  In former editions of our work we directed that one hundred and
twenty-eight grains of quinine be used in making sixteen fluidounces in this
elixir, but in the present edition, recognizing the authority of the National
Formulary, have adopted the foregoing strength.

16.  ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIUM WITH QUININE AND CINCHONIDINE
(ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIA WITH QUINIA AND CINCHONIDIA.)

     Elixir of valerianate of ammonium
        and quinine,               8 fluidounces.
     Elixir of valerianate of ammonium
        and cinchonidine,          8 fluidounces.

     Mix them together.

     Each fluidrachm (teaspoonful) of the finished elixir contains two grains
of valerianate of ammonium, one-half grain of cinchonidine, and one-eighth grain
 of quinine, as acetates of these alkaloids.

17. ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIUM W/QUININE, CINCHONIDINE, AND STRYCHNINE.
(ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIA, QUINIA, CINCHONIDIA, AND STRYCHNIA.)

     Strychnine,               1 1/4 grains.
     Elixir of valerianate of ammo-
        nium with quinine and cinchonidine,     16 fluidounces.
     Acetic acid,               a sufficient quantity.

     Triturate the strychnine in a mortar with acetic acid in sufficient amount
 to effect its solution, then mix with the elixir of valerianate of ammonium
with quinine and cinchonidine.
     Each fluidrachm (teaspoonful) of the finished elixir contains two grains
of valerianate of ammonium, one-half grain of cincho-nidine, one-eighth grain of
 quinine, and one-hundredth of a grain of strychnine.  The alkaloids are in the
form of acetates.

18. ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIUM WITH QUININE, CINCHONIDINE,
     PYROPHOSPHATE OF IRON, AND STRYCHNINE.
(ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIA, QUINIA, CINCHONIDIA, IRON, AND STRYCHNIA. )

     Elixir of valerianate of ammonium
        with quinine and pyrophosphate
        of iron,               8 fluidounces.
     Elixir of valerianate of ammonium
        with cinchonidine and pyro-
        phosphate of iron,          8 fluidounces.
     Strychnine,               1 1/4 grains.

     Triturate the strychnine in a mortar with acetic acid in sufficient
quantity to effect its solution, and add this to the elixirs, having previously
mixed them together; and filter if necessary.
     Each fluidrachm (teaspoonful) of the finished elixir contains two grains
of valerianate of ammonium, one-fourth grain of cincho-nidine, one-eighth grain
of quinine, one grain of pyrophosphate of iron, and one-hundredth grain of
strychnine.  The alkaloids exist as acetates.  This elixir should be as nearly
neutral as it is possible to make it.

19.  ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIUM WITH QUININE AND CINCHONINE.
(ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIA WITH QUINIA AND CINCHONIA.)

     Elixir of valerianate of ammonium
        and quinine,               8 fluidounces.
     Elixir of valerianate of ammonium
        with cinchonine,          8 fluidounces.
     Mix them together.

     Each fluidrachm (teaspoonful) of the finished elixir contains two grains
of valerianate of ammonium, one-half grain of cinchonine, and one-eighth grain
of quinine, as acetates of these alkaloids.

20.  ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIUM WITH QUININE,CINCHONINE, AND STRYCHNINE.
(ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIA, QUINIA, AND STRYCHNIA.)

     Elixir of valerianate of ammonium
     with quinine and cinchonine,          16 fluidounces.
     Strychnine,               1 1/4 grains.
     Acetic acid,               a sufficient quantity.

     Triturate the strychnine in a mortar with acetic acid in amount sufficient
 to effect its solution, and add this to the elixir of valerianate of ammonium
with quinine and cinchonine.
     Each fluidrachm (teaspoonful) of the finished elixir contains two grains
of valerianate of ammonium, one-eighth grain of quinine, one-half grain of
cinchonine, and one-hundredth of a grain of strychnine.  The alkaloids exist as
acetates.

21.  ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIUM WITH QUININE AND PYROPHOSPHATE OF IRON.
(ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIA WITH QUINIA AND IRON. )

     Elixir of valerianate of ammonium
        with quinine,               8 fluidounces.
     Elixir of valerianate of ammonium
        with pyrophosphate of iron,     8 fluidounces.
     Mix them together.

     Each fluidrachm (teaspoonful) of the finished elixir contains two grains
of valerianate of ammonium, one-half grain of pyro-phosphate of iron, and one
eighth grain of quinine.  Observe the precautions suggested with elixir of
valerianate of ammonium with cinchonidine and pyrophosphate of iron.

22.  ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIUM WITH QUININE, PYROPHOSPHATE OF IRON, AND
     STRYCHNINE.
(ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIA, QUINIA, IRON, AND STRYCHNIA.)

     Elixir of valerianate of ammonium  with quinine
        and pyrophosphate of iron,          16 fluidounces.
     Strychnine,                1 1/4 grains.
     Acetic acid,               a sufficient quantity.

     Triturate the strychnine in a mortar with acetic acid in amount sufficient
 to effect its solution, and mix this liquid with the elixir of valerianate of
ammonium with quinine and pyrophosphate of iron, and filter if necessary.
     Each fluidrachm (teaspoonful) of the finished elixir contains two grains
of valerianate of ammonium, one-half grain of pyrophosphate of iron, one-eighth
grain of quinine, and one-hundredth of a grain of strychnine, the alkaloids
being in the form of acetates.  Observe the precautions suggested with elixir of
 valerianate of ammonium with cinchonidine and pyrophosphate of iron.

23.  ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIUM WITH QUININE AND STRYCHNINE.

     Elixir of valerianate of ammonium
        and quinine,          16 fluidounces.
     Strychnine,          2 1/2 grains.
     Acetic acid.          a sufficient quantity.

     Triturate the strychnine in a mortar with acetic acid in amount sufficient
 to effect its solution, and mix this liquid with the elixir of valerianate of
ammonium.
     Each fluidrachm (teaspoonful) of the finished elixir contains two grains
of valerianate of ammonium, one-fourth grain of quinine, and one-fiftieth of a
grain of strychnine as an acetate of that alkaloid.

24.  ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIUM WITH STRYCHNINE.

     Elixir of valerianate of ammonium,     16 fluidounces.
     Strychnine,               1 1/4 grains.
     Acetic acid.               a sufficient quantity.
     Triturate the strychnine in a mortar with acetic acid in sufficient amount
 to effect its solution, and mix this with the elixir of valerianate of
ammonium.  If not of acid reaction, add enough acetic acid to change blue litmus
 paper to red.
     Each fluidrachm (teaspoonful) of the finished elixir contains two grains
of valerianate of ammonium, and one-hundredth of a grain of strychnine as an
acetate of that alkaloid.

25. ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIUM WITH SUMBUL.
(ELIXIR OF VALERIANATE OF AMMONIA WITH MUSK ROOT.)

     Fluid extract of sumbul,          2 fluidounces.
     Elixir of valerianate of ammonium,      14 fluidounces
     Carbonate of magnesium,          a sufficient quantity.

     Triturate the fluid extract of sumbul in a capacious mortar with carbonate
 of magnesium in amount sufficient to form a creamy mixture, then gradually add
the elixir of valerianate of ammonium, stirring well, and filter.
     Each fluidrachm of the finished elixir represents two grains of
valerianate of ammonium. and according to this formula each fluidrachm should
contain the active principles of seven and one-half minims of fluid extract of
sumbul.  But, as a matter of fact, that amount will not dissolve in that
quantity of the menstruum, the excess remaining in the filter paper.

26.  ELIXIR ANTIGLAIREUX.
(ELIXIR FOR GLENORRHEA.  LAVOLLEY'S PURGATIVE ELIXIR.
TINCTURA PURGGAS.  TINCTURA JALAPAE COMPOSITAS.)

     Jalap,     .     8 troyounces.
     Turpeth root,          1 troyounce.
     Scammony,          2 troyounces.
     Diluted alcohol,          96 fluidounces.

     Mix the drugs and reduce them to a coarse powder, and macerate this in the
 diluted alcohol for ten days, stirring the mixture thoroughly each day; then
filter.
(American Journal of Pharmacy, 1881.)

27. ELIXIR ANTIGOUTTEUX DE VILLETTE.
(DE VILLETTE'S GOUT ELIXIR.)

     Brown cinchona bark,      25 troyounces.
     Poppy petals,           12 1/2 troyounces.
     Sassafras bark,           6 1/4 troyounces.
     Guaiac resin,           12 1/2 troyounces.
     Jamaica rum,           62 1/2 pints.
     Syrup of sarsaparilla,      39 pints

     Mix the drugs and reduce them to a coarse powder, and macerate in the
previously mixed Jamaica rum and syrup of sarsaparilla for fourteen days,
stirring the mixture thoroughly each day; then filter.
(HAGER.See New Remedies, 1878.)

28.  AROMATIC ELIXIR.

     Fluidextract of sweet orange peel,     1/2 fluidounces.
     Fluidextract of coriander seed,.......... 1/4 fluidounces.
     Fluidextract of angelica seed,     1/4 fluidounces.
     Simple elixir,               16 fluidounces.
     Carmine color, carbonate of magnesium,     of each a sufficient quantity.

     Mix the fluid extracts and triturate them in a capacious mortar with
carbonate of magnesium in amount sufficient to form a creamy mixture, then
gradually add the simple elixir, stirring well, and filter. Lastly, add solution
 of carmine, enough to give a nice red color.
     This elixir is used as a flavor, and may be used instead of simple elixir
if desired, as it is acceptable to many persons.  The Newark Pharmaceutical
Association (1871) recommended a formula on which the above is based.
     The National Formulary commends a formula in which aromatic spirits is the
 base, practically as follows:
     Aromatic spirits,          16 fluidounces.
     Syrup and water, of each,      24 troyounces
     Purified talcum,          1 troyounce.

     Mix the aromatic spirits with the syrup, then add the water and the
purified talcum.  Shake well together and agitate occasionally for several days.
Finally filter the mixture.  This elixir is of the same strength as that
recommended by the National Formulary.

29.  ELIXIR OF IODIDE OF ARSENIC AND MERCURY.

     Solution of iodide of arsenic and mer-
        cury (Donovan's solution),          256 minims.
     Simple elixir,               a sufficient quantity.

     Mix the solution of iodide of arsenic and mercury with enough simple
elixir to produce sixteen fluidounces.
     Each fluidrachm of the finished elixir contains two minims of solution of
iodide of arsenic and mercury.  Dose, one fluidrachm (teaspoonful), increased
carefully to two or three fluidrachms, if necessary.

30.  ELIXIR OF BEEF.

     Extract of beef,          256 grains.
     Simple elixir,          15 fluidounces.
     Distilled water,           1/2 fluidounces.

     Triturate the extract of beef with the water, then gradually add the
simple elixir, and filter.
     Each fluidrachm (teaspoonful) of the finished elixir contains two grains
of extract of beef.  This formula was based on one given in the Druggists'
Circular, l878.

31. ELIXIR OF BEEF AND CITRATE OF IRON.
(ELIXIR OF BEEF AND IRON.)

     Elixir of beef,          16 fluidounces.
     Water,           1/2 fluidounces.
     Citrate of iron and ammonium,....128 grains.
     Dissolve the citrate of iron in the water, add the elixir of beef, and
filter if necessary.
     Each fluidrachm (teaspoonful) of the finished elixir contains two grains
of extract of beef and one grain of citrate of iron.
     This preparation is far from permanent. It deposits a precipitate by age,
which evidently results from the reaction between the chloride of sodium,
present in large amount in the beef extract, and the citrate of iron.  The
substitution; of chloride of iron for the citrate might prove advantageous. but
the demand is for an elixir of beef with citrate of iron.

32.  ELIXIR OF BEEF, IRON, AND CINCHONA.

     Elixir of beef with citrate of iron,     8 fluidounces.
     Elixir of cinchona (alkaloidal),..........8 fluidounces.

     Mix them together.
     Each fluidrachm (teaspoonful) of the finished elixir contains one grain of
extract of beef and represents two grains of officinal calisaya bark.

33.  ELIXIR OF BLACK HAW.
(ELIXIR OF VIBURNUM PRUNIFOLIUM.)

     Fluid extract of viburnum pruni-
        folium,               2 fluidounces.
     Compound tincture of cardamom,     l fluidounces.
     Simple elixir,               13 fluidounces.

     Mix the liquids, allow them to stand a few days, and filter.  Each
fluidrachm represents about seven and one-half grains of black haw.

ELIXIRS CONTAINING AMMONIO-CITRATE OF BISMUTH.

     Ammonio-citrate of bismuth is not always entirely soluble in water, owing
to the fact that it parts with ammonia and assumes a partially insoluble
condition.  It is well, therefore, to remember that a little ammonia water will
facilitate the complete solution of ammonio-citrate of bismuth, unless the
decomposition has proceeded beyond a certain limit.
     In consideration of the above fact, elixirs containing excess of acids are
incompatible with it, and the same is true of solutions of salts of the mineral
acids.  H